List of Germanic languages

The Germanic languages include some 58 (SIL estimate) languages and dialects that originated in Europe; this language family is a part of the List of Indo-European languages Indo-European language family. Each subfamily in this list contains subgroups and individual languages.

The standard division of Germanic is into three branches, They all descend from Proto-Germanic, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European.
 * East Germanic languages
 * North Germanic languages
 * West Germanic languages

South Germanic languages, an attempt to classify some of the West Germanic languages into a separate group, is rejected by the overwhelming majority of scholars.

† denotes extinct languages.

Continental West Germanic

 * High German languages
 * Old High German †
 * Upper German
 * High Franconian
 * East Franconian German
 * Main-Franconian
 * South Franconian German
 * Alemannic German
 * Swabian German, including Stuttgart
 * Low Alemannic German, including the area of Lake Constance and Basel German
 * Alsatian
 * Central Alemannic
 * High Alemannic German, including Zürich German and Bernese German
 * Highest Alemannic German, including the Bernese Oberland dialects and Walliser German
 * Austro-Bavarian German†
 * Old Austro-Bavarian†
 * Middle Austro-Bavarian†
 * Modern Austro-Bavarian†
 * Northern Austro-Bavarian† (including Nuremberg)
 * Bavarian
 * Central Austro-Bavarian† (including Munich and Vienna)
 * Austrian
 * Hungarian
 * Southern Austro-Bavarian† (including Innsbruck, Klagenfurt, and Bolzano, Italy)
 * Sormis
 * Mócheno†
 * Cimbrian†
 * Central German languages
 * West Central German
 * Ripuarian Franconian
 * Moselle Franconian
 * Luxemburgish
 * Rhine Franconian
 * Palatine
 * North Hessian
 * Central Hessian
 * East Hessian
 * Pennsylvania German (spoken by the Amish and other groups in southeastern Pennsylvania)
 * Pennsylvanian
 * East Central German
 * Thuringian
 * Upper Saxon German
 * Lausitzisch-neumärkisch
 * Silesian German
 * High Prussian
 * Hutterite German aka "Tirolean"
 * Yiddish (with a significant influx of vocabulary from Hebrew and other languages, and traditionally written in the Hebrew alphabet)
 * Wymysorys (with a significant influence from Low Saxon, Dutch, Polish, and Scots)
 * Low German languages
 * Old Saxon†
 * West Low German (Low Saxon)
 * Northern Low Saxon
 * East Frisian Low Saxon
 * Westphalian
 * Eastphalian
 * East Low German
 * Brandenburgisch
 * Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch
 * Middle Pomeranian
 * East Pomeranian
 * Low Prussian
 * Plautdietsch (Mennonite Low German, used also in many other countries)
 * Low Franconian languages
 * Old Frankish†
 * Old Dutch†
 * Middle Dutch†
 * Modern Dutch†
 * West Flemish
 * East Flemish†
 * Zeelandic†
 * Hollandic
 * Hollandish
 * Hollish
 * Amsterdamish
 * Angla
 * South Angla
 * Anglish
 * Irish
 * North Angla
 * Scottish
 * Edinburgish
 * Brabantine†
 * East Dutch (Zuid-Gelders/Clevian)
 * Limburgian†
 * Stadsfries dialects†
 * Afrikaans (with a significant influx of vocabulary from other languages)

North-Sea Germanic

 * Anglo-Frisian
 * Old Frisian†
 * Frisian
 * West Frisian language (spoken in the Netherlands)
 * Clay Frisian (Klaaifrysk)
 * Wood Frisian (Wâldfrysk)
 * Noardhoeks
 * South Frisian (Súdhoeks)
 * Southwest Frisian (Súdwesthoeksk)
 * Schiermonnikoogs
 * Hindeloopers
 * Aasters
 * Westers
 * East Frisian language (spoken in Germany)
 * Saterland Frisian
 * Wangerooge Frisian†
 * Wursten Frisian†
 * North Frisian language (spoken in Germany)
 * Mainland Frisian
 * Mooring
 * Goesharde Frisian
 * Wiedingharde Frisian
 * Halligen Frisian
 * Karrharde Frisian
 * Island Frisian
 * Söl'ring
 * Fering
 * Öömrang
 * Heligolandic
 * Anglic
 * English language (dialects)
 * Old English†
 * Middle English† (significant influx of words from Old French)
 * Early Modern English†
 * Modern English†
 * British English† (English English, including Northern English, East Midlands English, West Midlands English, Southern English, and others, Welsh English, Scottish English) and Irish English
 * North American English† (American English and Canadian English)
 * Australian English† and New Zealand English
 * South African English†
 * South Asian English† (Indian English)
 * South-East Asian English† (Philippine English, Singapore English, Malaysian English)
 * West Indian English† (Caribbean English)
 * Lowland Scots
 * Early Scots†
 * Middle Scots†
 * Modern Scots†
 * Northern Scots
 * North Northern
 * Mid Northern (North East Scots or the Doric)
 * South Northern
 * Central Scots
 * North East Central
 * South East Central
 * West Central
 * South West Central
 * Southern Scots
 * Insular Scots
 * Orcadian
 * Shetlandic
 * Ulster Scots
 * Yola†
 * Fingallian†

North Germanic

 * Proto-Norse †


 * Old Norse †


 * West Scandinavian
 * Old West Norse †


 * Old Norwegian †


 * Middle Norwegian †


 * Modern Norwegian (generally Western branch, but heavy influence from Eastern branch)
 * Bokmål (official written standard) / Riksmål (unofficial written standard) - see Danish
 * Nynorsk (official written standard) / Høgnorsk (unofficial written standard) / Landsmål (unofficial written standard)
 * Vestlandsk
 * South-West Norwegian
 * Bergen og Stavanger
 * North-West Norwegian
 * Sørlandsk
 * East Agder Norwegian
 * West Agder Norwegian
 * Østlandsk
 * Vikvær Norwegian
 * Middle East Norwegian
 * Oppland Norwegian
 * Østerdal Norwegian
 * Midtlands og fjellbygdmål
 * Gudbrandsdal Norwegian
 * Valdres and Hallingdal
 * Western Telemark Norwegian
 * Eastern Telemark Norwegian
 * Trøndersk
 * Outer Trøndelag Norwegian
 * Inner Trøndelag Norwegian
 * Namdal Norwegian
 * South-eastern Trøndersk
 * Jamtlandic (significant influx of words from Swedish)
 * Herdalian (significant influx of words from Swedish)
 * Nordnorsk
 * Helgeland Norwegian
 * Nordland Norwegian
 * Troms Norwegian
 * Finnmark Norwegian
 * Old Faroese †


 * Middle Faroese †


 * Modern Faroese
 * Gøtudanskt (Faroese Street Danish)
 * Norn †
 * Caithness Norn †
 * Orkney Norn †
 * Shetland Norn †
 * Old Icelandic †


 * Middle Icelandic †


 * Modern Icelandic
 * Greenlandic Norse †
 * East Scandinavian
 * Old East Norse †


 * Old Danish †


 * Middle Danish †


 * Modern Danish†
 * Bornholmsk
 * Island Danish
 * Jutlandic/Jutish
 * North Jutlandic
 * East Jutlandic
 * West Jutlandic
 * South Jutlandic (Slesvig; Schleswig)
 * Bokmål (official written standard in Norway) / Riksmål (unofficial written standard in Norway) - see Norwegian
 * Future Danish
 * Finnish
 * Greenlandic


 * Old Swedish †
 * Modern Swedish
 * Norrland dialects (Norrland, including Westrobothnian/Bondska and Kalix dialect, and Överkalix dialect)
 * Svealand Swedish
 * Dalecarlian
 * Elfdalian (considered a Swedish Sveamål dialect, but has official orthography and is, because of a lower degree of mutual intelligibility with Swedish, considered a separate language by many linguists, see p. 6 in this reference)
 * Götamål (Götaland)
 * East Swedish/Finland Swedish
 * Swedish dialects in Ostrobothnia
 * Other dialects of Finland Swedish
 * Estonian Swedish
 * The Swedish mostly historically spoken in Gammalsvenskby in Ukraine
 * South Swedish
 * Scanian
 * Gutnish
 * Old Gutnish †
 * Modern Gutnish

Alternate classification of contemporary North Germanic languages
 * Insular Scandinavian
 * Icelandic
 * Faroese
 * Continental Scandinavian
 * Danish
 * Norwegian
 * Swedish
 * Future Scandinavian
 * Finnish
 * Greenlandic

East Germanic†

 * East Germanic†


 * Burgundian†
 * Gothic†


 * Crimean Gothic†
 * Vandalic†