Twisted Colossus

Twisted Colossus is a steel roller coaster at Six Flags Magic Mountain amusement park. Originally designed and built by International Amusement Devices, the roller coaster opened as Colossus on June 29, 1978. It was the tallest and fastest wooden roller coaster in the world and the first with two drops greater than 100 ft. Colossus became well known after appearances in film and television, including the box-office hit National Lampoon's Vacation.

After more than 36 years in operation, Six Flags announced in 2014 that Colossus would be closed permanently on August 16, 2014. Within two weeks of its closure, Six Flags announced that the roller coaster would reemerge in 2015 as a hybrid wood and steel roller coaster named Twisted Colossus. It was renovated by Rocky Mountain Construction to feature barrel roll inversions, and a near-vertical drop. Twisted Colossus opened on May 23, 2015.

History
For their next attraction to debut in 1978, Magic Mountain wanted a wooden roller coaster for the classic "rumble and sway" experience that they felt was missing from steel coasters. They hired Ohio-based International Amusement Devices (IAD), who began designing Colossus in January 1977. IAD in turn subcontracted Bernard Brothers Construction for the construction of the ride, Continental Consultants for all of the mechanical systems, and Lorenz & Williams for the structural engineering and electronic systems. A member of the design team traveled to Mexico City to study Montaña Rusa – the largest wooden roller coaster in the world at the time – in order to help plan for the project.

The design was finalized in May 1977, and construction began a few months later in August. During construction, a tornado caused part of the structure to collapse, but the roller coaster was still completed on schedule. At a final cost of $7 million, Colossus opened to the public on June 29, 1978. It was the tallest and fastest roller coaster in the world, as well as the first to feature two drops over 100 ft.

Modifications
Colossus underwent a number of changes over the years. The "speed hill" between the second drop and the double-up hill was reprofiled in 1979. In 1987, the original trains supplied by Philadelphia Toboggan Company were replaced with ones from Morgan Manufacturing. The valley between the coaster's pair of camelback hills was leveled off and received block brakes in 1991.

During the Halloween season, the coaster's web-like structure was accompanied by a giant black spider, and the height restriction became 54 in. The cars on one side of the track were also run backwards, using the old trains from the now defunct Psyclone roller coaster. On August 29, 2013, Six Flags Magic Mountain announced that they would run Colossus backwards for a limited time during the 2014 season.

Renovations
During the 2014 season Six Flags Magic Mountain announced that Colossus would close permanently on August 16, 2014. On August 4, 2014, the park held a 36-hour riding marathon event on the roller coaster as a way for the public to say goodbye to one of the park's staples. Out of 24 participants, six completed the marathon of 328 laps around the track in 45-minute intervals.

Less than two weeks after the ride closed, Six Flags announced that Colossus would reopen in 2015 as Twisted Colossus following a renovation by Rocky Mountain Construction. The company is planning to add their patented I-Box technology to the ride, also known as Iron Horse, which converts the wooden track to steel while retaining the original wooden structure. The hybrid retrofitting is becoming a popular trend at amusement parks around the world looking to extend the life of aging wooden coasters and for the ability to add overbanked turns and inversions.

Characteristics
The table below summarizes the differences between Colossus and Twisted Colossus. With the exception of capacity, the statistics of Colossus represent a single track only.

Colossus
The previous configuration of the roller coaster featured two drops greater than 100 ft; the first drop was 115 ft and the second was 105 ft. The ride spanned two and a half minutes and reached speeds up to 62 mi/h. Its original configuration was noted for numerous and sustained air-time moments, which were eventually toned down or eliminated by reprofiling and/or braking.

Twisted Colossus
The ride begins on the blue track. After going through a series of small hills, the train makes its way up the lift hill, catching up to the train on the green track. Immediately after the lift hill ends, riders are sent down an 80 degree, 128 foot drop. The trains then go through a small airtime hill and then up another tall hill, crossing under Goliath. The train then proceeds to go through a banked turn to the left, and goes through a "high-five" element. After this, the blue tracked train drops down and goes under the train on the green track while it does its top gun stall. Then the blue tracked train does a zero-g roll. After a double up and a quick turn to the left, the blue track turns green and the train hits a brake run, before returning to the lift hill. The green track is identical to the blue tracked segment up through the high-five. After the high-five, the green track does a double down and does a top gun stall crossing over the blue track. It then goes up a double up and turns left, where the train hits the final brake run.

Film and television
Colossus was nearing completion in May 1978 when it was used as a backdrop for fight scenes in the NBC TV movie Kiss Meets the Phantom of the Park. In 1983, it was featured in the film National Lampoon's Vacation as Screemy Meemy. In the sitcom Step by Step, Colossus is the roller coaster that the Lambert-Foster family rides in the opening sequence. The roller coaster was also seen in television episodes of Wild & Crazy Kids, Doogie Howser, M.D., Knight Rider, Wonder Woman, and The A-Team. The film Zapped! featured the ride when protagonists Barney and Bernadette visit Magic Land (Six Flags Magic Mountain). The Castle episode "Deep Cover" used Colossus as a stand-in for the Coney Island Cyclone.

Incidents
A 20-year-old woman died after being thrown from the ride in December 1978. An investigation determined the lap bar restraint failed to close properly due to the rider's size.

On September 8, 2014, while workers were disassembling the track, the top of the lift hill on Colossus caught on fire. The fire – which occurred while the park was closed – was contained and no injuries were reported.