Terms of Endearment

Terms of Endearment is a 1983 American comedy-drama film adapted from Larry McMurtry's 1975 novel, directed, written, and produced by James L. Brooks, and starring Shirley MacLaine, Debra Winger, Jack Nicholson, Danny DeVito, Jeff Daniels, and John Lithgow. The film covers 30 years of the relationship between Aurora Greenway (MacLaine) and her daughter Emma (Winger).

The film received eleven Academy Award nominations, and won five. Brooks won the Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium, while MacLaine won the Academy Award for Best Actress, and Nicholson won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. In addition, it won four Golden Globes: Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Actress in a Drama (MacLaine), Best Supporting Actor(Nicholson), and Best Screenplay (Brooks).

Plot
Widowed Aurora Greenway (Shirley MacLaine) keeps several suitors at arm's length, focusing instead on her close, but controlling, relationship with daughter Emma (Debra Winger). Anxious to escape her mother, Emma marries young college professor Flap Horton (Jeff Daniels) over her mother's objections, moves away, and has three children. Despite their frequent spats and difficulty getting along, Emma and Aurora have a tie between them that cannot be broken, and keep in touch by telephone.

Emma and Flap soon run into financial and marital difficulties. Emma has trouble managing the children and household, and she and Flap both have extramarital affairs. Emma relies increasingly on her mother for emotional support. Meanwhile, the lonely Aurora overcomes her repression, and begins a whirlwind romance with her next-door neighbor, retired astronaut Garrett Breedlove (Jack Nicholson).

The Horton family moves from Houston to Des Moines and eventually to Nebraska, apparently for Flap's career, but mostly so he can be near his girlfriend. Emma is diagnosed with cancer, which becomes terminal. Aurora stays by Emma's side through her treatment and hospitalization, even while dealing with her own pain after Garrett suddenly ends their relationship. The dying Emma shows her love for her mother by entrusting her own children to Aurora's care. After Emma's death, Garrett re-appears in the family's life, and begins to bond with Emma's young children.

Cast

 * Shirley MacLaine as Aurora Greenway
 * Debra Winger as Emma Greenway-Horton
 * Jack Nicholson as Garrett Breedlove
 * Danny DeVito as Vernon Dalhart
 * Jeff Daniels as Flap Horton
 * John Lithgow as Sam Burns
 * Lisa Hart Carroll as Patsy Clark
 * Huckleberry Fox as Ted "Teddy" Horton
 * Troy Bishop as Tom "Tommy" Horton
 * Megan Morris as Melanie Horton
 * Kate Charleson as Janice
 * Albert Brooks (credited as 'A. Brooks') as Rudyard

Production
Brooks wrote the supporting role of Garrett Breedlove for Burt Reynolds, who turned down the role because of a verbal commitment he had made to appear in Stroker Ace. "There are no awards in Hollywood for being an idiot", Reynolds later said of the decision.[3]

The exterior shots of Aurora's home were filmed at 3060 Locke Lane, Houston, Texas. Larry McMurtry, writer of the novel on which the screenplay was based, had received his M.A. at Rice University, a mere three miles from the home.

The exterior shots of locations intended to be in Des Moines, Iowa, Kearney, Nebraska, and Lincoln, Nebraska, were all filmed in Lincoln, Nebraska. Many scenes were filmed on, or near, the campus of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.[4] During filming in Lincoln, Debra Winger met the then-governor of Nebraska, Bob Kerrey, and wound up dating him for two years.[5]

MacLaine and Winger did not get along with each other during production.[6][7][8][9] MacLaine confirmed in an interview that "it was a very tough shoot...Chaotic...(Jim) likes working with tension on the set."[10]

On working with Nicholson, MacLaine said, "Working with Jack Nicholson was crazy",[11] but that his spontaneity may have contributed to her performance.[12]She also said,

MacLaine confirmed in an interview with USA Today that Nicholson improvised when he put his hand down her dress in the beach scene.[13]

Box office
Terms of Endearment was commercially successful. On its opening weekend, it grossed $3.4 million, ranking number two, until its second weekend, when it grossed $3.1 million, ranking #1 at the box office. Three weekends later, it arrived number one again, with $9,000,000, having wide release. For four weekends, it remained number one at the box office, until slipping to number two on its tenth weekend. On the film's 11th weekend, it arrived number one (for the sixth and final time), grossing $3,000,000. For the last weekends of the film, it later dwindled downward.[14] The film grossed $108,423,489 in the United States.[2]

Critical reception
The film was generally well regarded by critics, and maintains an 88% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, with the consensus: "A classic tearjerker, Terms of Endearment isn't shy about reaching for the heartstrings – but is so well-acted and smartly scripted that it's almost impossible to resist."[15] Roger Ebert gave the film a four-out-of-four star rating, calling it "a wonderful film" and stating, "There isn't a thing that I would change, and I was exhilarated by the freedom it gives itself to move from the high comedy of Nicholson's best moments to the acting of Debra Winger in the closing scenes."[16] Gene Siskel, who gave the film a highly enthusiastic review, correctly predicted upon its release that it would go on to win the Academy Award for Best Picture of 1983. In his movie guide, Leonard Maltin awarded the film a rare four-star rating, calling it a "Wonderful mix of humor and heartache", and concluded the film was "Consistently offbeat and unpredictable, with exceptional performances by all three stars".[17]

Awards
The film won five Academy Awards[18] and four Golden Globe Awards:[19]
 * Wins
 * Academy Award for Best Picture – James L. Brooks
 * Academy Award for Best Director – James L. Brooks
 * Academy Award for Best Actress – Shirley MacLaine
 * Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor – Jack Nicholson
 * Academy Award for Best Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium– James L. Brooks
 * Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama
 * Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama – Shirley MacLaine
 * Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Jack Nicholson
 * Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay – James L. Brooks
 * Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Feature Film – James L. Brooks
 * National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress – Debra Winger
 * New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Film
 * New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress – Shirley MacLaine
 * New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor – Jack Nicholson
 * Nominations
 * Academy Award for Best Actress – Debra Winger
 * Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor – John Lithgow
 * Academy Award for Best Art Direction – Art Direction: Polly Platt and Harold Michelson; Set Decoration: Tom Pedigo and Anthony Mondell
 * Academy Award for Best Film Editing – Richard Marks
 * Academy Award for Original Score – Michael Gore
 * Academy Award for Best Sound – James R. Alexander, Rick Kline, Donald O. Mitchell and Kevin O'Connell
 * BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role – Shirley MacLaine
 * Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama – Debra Winger
 * Golden Globe Award for Best Director – James L. Brooks
 * AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies
 * AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs
 * AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:
 * Aurora: "Would you like to come in?" Garrett: "I'd rather stick needles in my eyes."
 * AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)