Glen Campbell

Glen Travis Campbell (April 22, 1936 – August 8, 2017) was an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, television host, and actor. He was best known for a series of hit songs in the 1960s and 1970s, and for hosting a music and comedy variety show called The Glen Campbell Goodtime Hour on CBS television, from January 1969 until June 1972.[1] He released over 70 albums in a career that spanned five decades, selling over 45 million records worldwide, including twelve gold albums, four platinum albums, and one double-platinum album.

Born in Billstown, Arkansas, Campbell began his professional career as a studio musician in Los Angeles, spending several years playing with the group of instrumentalists later known as "The Wrecking Crew". After becoming a solo artist, he placed a total of 80 different songs on either the Billboard Country Chart, Billboard Hot 100, or Adult Contemporary Chart, of which 29 made the top 10 and of which nine reached number one on at least one of those charts. Among Campbell's hits are "Universal Soldier", his first hit from 1965, along with "Gentle on My Mind" (1967), "By the Time I Get to Phoenix" (1967), "Wichita Lineman" (1968), "Dreams of the Everyday Housewife" (1968), "Galveston" (1969), "Rhinestone Cowboy" (1975) and "Southern Nights" (1977).[2]

In 1967, Campbell won four Grammys in the country and pop categories. For "Gentle on My Mind", he received two awards in country and western; "By the Time I Get to Phoenix" did the same in pop. Three of his early hits later won Grammy Hall of Fame Awards (2000, 2004, 2008), while Campbell himself won the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2012. He owned trophies for Male Vocalist of the Year from both the Country Music Association (CMA) and the Academy of Country Music (ACM), and took the CMA's top award as 1968 Entertainer of the Year. Campbell played a supporting role in the film True Grit(1969), which earned him a Golden Globe nomination for Most Promising Newcomer. He also sang the title song, which was nominated for an Academy Award.

Early life
Glen Travis Campbell was born on April 22, 1936, in Billstown, a tiny community near Delight in Pike County, Arkansas, to John Wesley (a sharecropper) and Carrie Dell (Stone) Campbell.[3] Campbell was of Scottish descent and was the seventh son of 12 children.[4][5] The family lived on a farm where they barely got by growing cotton, corn, watermelons and potatoes. "We had no electricity," he said, and money was scarce. "A dollar in those days looked as big as a saddle blanket."[6] To supplement income the family picked cotton for more successful farmers. "I picked cotton for $1.25 a hundred pounds," said Campbell. "If you worked your tail off, you could pick 80 or 90 pounds a day."[7]

Campbell started playing guitar at age four after his uncle Boo gave him a Sears-bought five-dollar guitar as a gift, with his uncle teaching him the basics of how to play.[8] Most of his family was musical, he said. "Back home, everybody plays and sings."[9] By the time he was six he was performing on local radio stations.[1]

Campbell continued playing guitar in his youth, with no formal training, and practiced when he was not working in the cotton fields. He developed his talent by listening to radio and records, and considered Django Reinhardt among his most admired guitarists, later calling him "the most awesome player I ever heard."[10][11] He dropped out of school at 14 to work in Houston alongside his brothers, installing insulation and later working at a gas station.[12]

Not satisfied with that kind of unskilled work, Campbell started playing music at fairs and church picnics and singing gospel hymns in the church choir. He was able to find spots performing on local radio stations and after his parents moved to Houston, he made some appearances at a local nightclub.[12]

In 1954, at age 17, Campbell moved to Albuquerque, New Mexico, to join his uncle's band, known as Dick Bills and the Sandia Mountain Boys.[13] He also appeared there on his uncle's radio show[11] and on K Circle B Time, the local children's program on KOB television.[14] It was there that he met his first wife, whom he married when he was 17 and she was 16.[12]

In 1958, Campbell formed his own band, the Western Wranglers.[13] "We worked hard," he said. "Six, sometimes seven nights a week. I didn't have my eye set on any specific goals or big dreams."[6]

1960–1966: Early career
He played with all kinds of genres, with different instrumentation and different styles. If it was a just and righteous world, Glen would be credited as one of the great, seminal influences of all time. He was a secret weapon in the armory of Sixties record producers.

In 1960, Campbell moved to Los Angeles to become a session musician.[16][17]That October,[18] he joined the Champs. By January 1961,[19] Campbell had found a daytime job at publishing company American Music, writing songs and recording demos.[11] Because of these demos Campbell soon was in demand as a session musician and became part of a group of studio musicians later known as the Wrecking Crew.[17]

Campbell played on recordings by the Beach Boys, Claude King, Bobby Darin, Ricky Nelson, Dean Martin, Nat King Cole, the Monkees, Nancy Sinatra, Merle Haggard, Jan and Dean,[16] Frank Sinatra, Ronnie Dove, Phil Spector and Elvis Presley.[20][17] He befriended Presley when he helped record the soundtrack for Viva Las Vegas in 1964. He later said, "Elvis and I were brought up the same humble way – picking cotton and looking at the north end of a south-bound mule."[10]

In May 1961, he left the Champs[18] and was subsequently signed by Crest Records, a subsidiary of American Music. His first solo release, "Turn Around, Look at Me", a moderate success, peaked at number 62 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1961.[21] Campbell also formed the Gee Cees with former bandmembers from the Champs, performing at the Crossbow Inn in Van Nuys.[22] The Gee Cees, too, released a single on Crest, the instrumental "Buzz Saw", which did not chart.

In 1962, Campbell signed with Capitol Records.[23] After minor initial success with "Too Late to Worry, Too Blue to Cry", his first single for the label, and "Kentucky Means Paradise", released by the Green River Boys featuring Glen Campbell, a string of unsuccessful singles and albums followed. By 1963 his playing and singing were heard on 586 recorded songs.[1] He never learned to read music, but besides guitar, he could play the banjo, mandolin and bass.[1]

From 1964 on, Campbell began to appear on television as a regular on Star Route, a syndicated series hosted by Rod Cameron,[24] ABC's Shindig!, andHollywood Jamboree.[25]

From December 1964 to early March 1965, Campbell was a touring member of the Beach Boys, filling in for Brian Wilson,[16] playing bass guitar and singing falsetto harmonies. He was replaced by Bruce Johnston, who became a long-term replacement for Brian onstage and full-time member of the band who tours with the current incarnation of the Beach Boys to this day.

In 1965, he had his biggest solo hit yet, reaching number 45 on the Hot 100 with a version of Buffy Sainte-Marie's "Universal Soldier". Asked about the pacifist message of the song, he said that "people who are advocating burning draft cards should be hung."[26]

Campbell continued as a session musician, playing guitar on the Beach Boys' 1966 album Pet Sounds, among other recordings. In April of that year, he joined Rick Nelson on a tour through the Far East, again playing bass.[27]

1967–1972: Burning Bridges to The Goodtime Hour
When follow-up singles did not do well, and Capitol was considering dropping Campbell from the label in 1966, he was teamed with producer Al De Lory.[28]Together, they first collaborated on "Burning Bridges" which became a top 20 country hit in early 1967,[29] and the album of the same name.

Campbell and De Lory collaborated again on 1967's "Gentle on My Mind", written by John Hartford, which was an overnight success.[10] The song was followed by the bigger hit "By the Time I Get to Phoenix" later in 1967, and "I Wanna Live" and "Wichita Lineman" in 1968, remaining on Billboard's Top 100 charts for 15 weeks.[30] He won four Grammy Awards for "Gentle on My Mind" and "By the Time I Get to Phoenix".[31]

In 1967, Campbell was also the uncredited lead vocalist on "My World Fell Down" by Sagittarius, a studio group. The song reached number 70 on the Billboard Hot 100.[32]

In 1968, Campbell released "Wichita Lineman", a song written by Jimmy Webb. It was recorded with backing from members of the Wrecking Crew[33] and appeared on his 1968 album of the same name. It reached number 3 on the US pop chart, remaining in the Top 100 for 15 weeks. In addition, the song also topped the American country music chart for two weeks, and the adult contemporary chart for six weeks.

The 1969 song "True Grit" by composer Elmer Bernstein and lyricist Don Black, and sung by Campbell, who co-starred in the movie, received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Song and the Golden Globe for Best Original Song.

After he hosted a 1968 summer replacement for television's The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour variety show,[10] Campbell was given his own weekly variety show, The Glen Campbell Goodtime Hour, which ran from January 1969 through June 1972.[10] The show's comedy writers included Steve Martin and Rob Reiner.[10] At the height of his popularity, a 1970 biography by Freda Kramer, The Glen Campbell Story, was published.

With Campbell's session-work connections, he hosted major names in music on his show, including the Beatles (on film), David Gates, Bread, the Monkees, Neil Diamond, Linda Ronstadt, Johnny Cash, Merle Haggard, Willie Nelson, Waylon Jennings, Roger Miller, and Mel Tillis. Campbell helped launch the careers of Anne Murray and Jerry Reed, who were regulars on his Goodtime Hour program.

During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Campbell released a long series of singles and appeared in the movies True Grit (1969) with John Wayne and Kim Darby and Norwood (1970) with Kim Darby and Joe Namath.

1973–1979: "Rhinestone Cowboy" and "Southern Nights"
After the cancellation of his CBS series in 1972, Campbell remained a regular on network television. He co-starred in a made-for-television movie, Strange Homecoming (1974), with Robert Culp and up-and-coming teen idol Leif Garrett. He hosted a number of television specials, including 1976's Down Home, Down Under with Olivia Newton-John. He co-hosted the American Music Awards from 1976 to 1978 and headlined the 1979 NBC special Glen Campbell: Back to Basics with guest-stars Seals and Crofts and Brenda Lee. He was a guest on many network talk and variety shows, including Donny & Marie and The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, where he performed "Rhinestone Cowboy".[34] He also appeared on Cher, the Redd Foxx Comedy Hour, The Merv Griffin Show, The Midnight Special, DINAH!, Evening at Pops with Arthur Fiedler and The Mike Douglas Show.

In the mid-1970s, he had more hits with "Rhinestone Cowboy", "Southern Nights" (both U.S. number one hits),[10] "Sunflower" (U.S. number 39) (written by Neil Diamond), and "Country Boy (You Got Your Feet in L.A.)" (U.S. number 11).

"Rhinestone Cowboy" was Campbell's largest-selling single and one of his best-known recordings, initially with over 2 million copies sold.[35] Campbell had heard songwriter Larry Weiss' version while on tour of Australia in 1974. Both songs were in the October 4, 1975, Hot 100 top 10.[35] "Rhinestone Cowboy" continues to be used in TV shows and films, including Desperate Housewives, Daddy Day Care, and High School High. It was the inspiration for the 1984 Dolly Parton/Sylvester Stallone movie Rhinestone. The main phrase of Campbell's recording was included in Dickie Goodman's Jaws movie parody song "Mr. Jaws". Campbell also made a techno/pop version of the song in 2002 with UK artists Rikki & Daz and went to the top 10 in the UK with the dance version and related music video.

"Southern Nights", by Allen Toussaint, his other number one pop-rock-country crossover hit, was generated with the help of Jimmy Webb, and Jerry Reed, who inspired the famous guitar lick introduction to the song, which was the most-played jukebox number of 1977.[10]

From 1971 to 1983, Campbell was the celebrity host of the Los Angeles Open, an annual professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour.[36]

1980–2011: Later career
Campbell made a cameo appearance in the 1980 Clint Eastwood movie Any Which Way You Can, for which he recorded the title song.

From 1982 to 1983, he hosted a 30-minute syndicated music show, The Glen Campbell Music Show.

Campbell gave up smoking in March 1992, and believed it improved his singing voice.[37] In 1991, Campbell voiced Chanticleer the rooster in Don Bluth's live action/animated film Rock-a-Doodle.

In 1999 he was featured on VH-1's Behind the Music, and on A&E Network's Biography and a PBS "in concert" special in 2001.[38] He also appeared on a number of CMT programs, where he ranked among their Greatest Men of Country Music.

He is credited with giving Alan Jackson his first big break after Jackson recorded with Campbell's music publishing business in the early 1990s.[39]Campbell also served as an inspiration to Keith Urban, who cites Campbell as a strong influence on his performing career.[40][41]

In 2005, Campbell was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame.[42] It was announced in April 2008 that Campbell was returning to his signature label, Capitol, to release his new album, Meet Glen Campbell.[43] The album was released on August 19. With this album, he branched off in a different musical direction, covering tracks from artists such as Travis, U2, Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, Jackson Browne, and Foo Fighters.[10] It was Campbell's first release on Capitol in over 15 years. Musicians from Cheap Trick and Jellyfishcontributed to the album as well. The first single, a cover of Green Day's "Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)", was released to radio in July 2008.

2011–2017: Illness and retirement
In March 2010, a then-farewell album titled Ghost on the Canvas was announced which served as a companion to Meet Glen Campbell (2008).[44]

Following his late 2010 Alzheimer's diagnosis, Campbell embarked on a final "Goodbye Tour", with three of his children joining him in his backup band.[45][46]He was too ill to travel to Australia and New Zealand in the summer of 2012.[47]His final show was on November 30, 2012, in Napa, California.[48] After the end of the tour, Campbell entered the studio in Nashville to record what would be his final album, Adiós, which would not be revealed until five years later. According to his wife, Kim Campbell, he wanted to preserve "what magic was left", in what would be his final recordings.[49] In January 2013, Campbell recorded his final song, "I'm Not Gonna Miss You", during what would be his last recording sessions. The song, which is featured in the 2014 documentary, Glen Campbell: I'll Be Me, was released on September 30, 2014, with the documentary following on October 24.[50][51] On January 15, 2015 Campbell and fellow songwriter Julian Raymond were nominated for Best Original Song at the 87th Academy Awards.

On August 30, 2016, during the 10th Annual ACM Honors, Keith Urban, Blake Shelton and others performed a medley of Glen Campbell's songs in tribute to him. His wife Kim Campbell accepted the Career Achievement Award on his behalf.[52] Alice Cooper described him as being one of the five best guitar players in the music industry.[53]

In April 2017, Campbell's final album, Adiós, was announced, featuring twelve songs from his final 2012–13 sessions. The album was released on June 9, 2017.[49] Adios was named by the UK's Official Charts Company as the best-selling country/Americana album of 2017 in Britain.[54]

Relationships and children
Campbell was married four times, and fathered five sons and three daughters, ranging in year of birth from 1956 to 1986. Campbell's eldest daughter is Debby, from his marriage (1955–1959) to Diane Kirk.[55] After divorcing Kirk, Campbell married Billie Jean Nunley, an Albuquerque beautician, who gave birth to Kelli, Travis, and Kane.[56] Billie Campbell filed for divorce in 1975, and their divorce was final in 1976. He married singer Mac Davis's second wife, Sarah Barg, in September 1976. They had one child named Dillon and divorced in 1980.[57]

After his divorce from Barg, Campbell began a relationship with fellow country artist Tanya Tucker.[58] The relationship was marked by frequent tabloid gossip and articles.[10] The couple recorded a number of songs together, including the single "Dream Lover", and they performed the national anthem together at the 1980 Republican National Convention.[10]

Campbell married Kimberly "Kim" Woollen in 1982.[59][57] The couple met on a blind date in 1981 when Woollen was a Radio City Music Hall "Rockette". Together, they had three children: Cal, Shannon, and Ashley.[60] All three joined Campbell on stage, starting in 2010, as part of his touring band.[61]

Religion
Campbell was raised in the Baptist Church of Christ.[62] In the 1980s, he joined a Baptist church in Phoenix along with his wife Kim.[63] In a 2008 interview, they said that they had been adherents of Messianic Judaism for two decades.[64]

Alcoholism and drug addiction
Campbell began having problems with alcoholism and cocaine addiction in the 1970s. Campbell credited his fourth wife Kim with helping him turn his life around. Campbell eventually stopped drinking alcohol and taking drugs in 1987[65] but relapsed in 2003. He pleaded guilty in Arizona to drunk driving and leaving the scene of an accident and spent 10 days in jail.[66][67]

Politics
On The Glen Campbell Goodtime Hour television show, Campbell avoided political topics.[68][69][70] Around this time, in interviews he described himself as "a registered Democrat" but also said he "voted Republican a few times,"[71][72][73]and he performed in support of both Republican and Democratic politicians.[72][74][75] Campbell performed the National Anthem at the 1980 Republican National Convention[76] and continued to make a number of campaign appearances for Republican candidates during the 1980s and 1990s.[77][78][79]

Death, legacy and tributes
In June 2011, Campbell announced he had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease six months earlier.[80] He became a patient at an Alzheimer's long-term care and treatment facility in 2014.[81][82] That same year Campbell was featured in the documentary I'LL BE ME which examined Alzheimer's and how it affected his musical performances during his final tour across the United States with his wife, Kim, and family.

Campbell died in Nashville, Tennessee, on August 8, 2017, at the age of 81.[66]He was buried in the Campbell family cemetery in Billstown, Arkansas.[83]

Tributes and acclaim
Following the announcement of Campbell's death, fellow musicians, friends and fans expressed their condolences, and noted his music legacy. Recording Academy president Neil Portnow praised him for having been "an American treasure" whose songs, guitar work and "dazzling showmanship shot him to superstardom in the 1960s," to make him one of the most successful music artists in history.[84] Tributes poured in from countless others in the industry, including Brian Wilson of the Beach Boys, comedy writer and actor Steve Martin, Sheryl Crow, Dolly Parton, Lenny Kravitz, and Anne Murray.[84] Campbell's former partner Tanya Tucker wrote and released a song in his honor, "Forever Loving You."[85][86]

Jimmy Webb, who wrote many of Campbell's hits and worked with him throughout his life, said that Campbell could play with "any guitar player in the world, from George Benson to Eric Clapton," adding that Paul McCartneyconsidered him among the best guitar players. "People will realize what an extraordinary genius Glen really was," Webb told ABC News.[87]

The Country Music Television Channel (CMT) aired a special about his career a few days after his death.[88] Other networks were also "lining up to honor his life and brilliant legacy," to include interviews with Keith Urban, Reba McEntire and Blake Shelton, among others.[89]

Campbell's daughter Ashley was invited to perform at the O2 Arena in Londonas part of the C2C: Country to Country festival. Her set on the main stage was billed as a special tribute to her father.

Discography and videography
Main articles: Glen Campbell discography and Glen Campbell videos

Campbell recorded and released 60 studio albums and six live albums between 1962 and 2017. He also lent his vocals to four soundtracks for motion pictures: True Grit (1969), Norwood (1970), Rock-a-Doodle (1992), and the 2014 documentary film Glen Campbell: I'll Be Me. He placed a total of 82 singles (one of which was a re-release) on either the Billboard Country Chart, the BillboardHot 100, or the Adult Contemporary Chart, nine of which peaked at number one on at least one of those charts. He released 15 video albums and featured in 21 music videos. His first two music videos, "By the Time I Get to Phoenix" and "Wichita Lineman", were directed by Gene Weed in 1967 and 1968, respectively. Campbell released his final music video, "I'm Not Gonna Miss You", in 2014 to coincide with the release of the documentary Glen Campbell: I'll Be Me. His final studio album, Adiós, was released on June 9, 2017.[49]

Grammy Awards
[91]

Academy of Country Music
[93][better source needed]

American Music Awards

 * 1976: Favorite Pop/Rock Single – "Rhinestone Cowboy"[98]
 * 1976: Favorite Country Single – "Rhinestone Cowboy"[99]
 * 1977: Favorite Country Album – Rhinestone Cowboy[100]

Country Music Association Awards

 * 1968: Entertainer of the Year[101]
 * 1968: Male Vocalist of the Year[101]
 * 2017: Musical Event of the Year – "Funny How Time Slips Away" with Willie Nelson[102][not in citation given]

GMA Dove Awards

 * 1986: Album by a Secular Artist – No More Night[103]
 * 1992: Southern Gospel Recorded Song of the Year – "Where Shadows Never Fall"[103]
 * 2000: Country Album of the Year – A Glen Campbell Christmas[103]

Other honors

 * 1968: Music Operators of America (MOA) Awards – Artist of the Year[104]
 * 1970: Golden Globe Award nomination for Best New Star of the Year - Actor in the movie "True Grit"[105]
 * 1974: Country Music Association of Great Britain's Entertainer of the Year[106]
 * 2005: Country Music Hall of Fame induction[107]
 * 2008: Q Legend Award[108]
 * 2012: Country Radio Broadcasters, Inc. Career Achievement Award[109]
 * 2014: Hollywood Music in Media Awards Lifetime Achievement Award[110]
 * 2014: Academy Award nomination for "I'm Not Gonna Miss You" (co-writer)[111]
 * 2018: Arkansas Country Music Association – Lifetime Achievement Award[112]