The Cosby Show (TV series)

The Cosby Show is an American television sitcom co-created and starring Bill Cosby, which aired for eight seasons on NBC from September 20, 1984, until April 30, 1992. The show focuses on the Huxtable family, an upper middle-class African-American family living in Brooklyn, New York.

The Cosby Show spent five consecutive seasons as the number-one rated show on television. The Cosby Show and All in the Family are the only sitcoms in the history of the Nielsen ratings to be the number-one show for five seasons. It spent all eight of its seasons in the top 20.[1]

According to TV Guide, the show "was TV's biggest hit in the 1980s, and almost single-handedly revived the sitcom genre and NBC's ratings fortunes."[2] TV Guide also ranked it 28th on their list of 50 Greatest Shows.[3] In addition, Cliff Huxtable was named as the "Greatest Television Dad".[4]

In May 1992, Entertainment Weekly stated that The Cosby Show helped to make possible a larger variety of shows with a predominantly African-American cast, from In Living Color to The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air.[5] The Cosby Show was based on comedy routines in Cosby's stand-up act, which in turn were based on his family life. The show led to the spinoff A Different World, which ran for six seasons from 1987 to 1993.

Premise
The show focuses on the Huxtable family, an upper middle-class African-American family, living in a brownstone in Brooklyn Heights, New York, at 10 Stigwood Avenue.[6] The patriarch is Cliff Huxtable, an obstetrician and son of a prominent jazz trombonist. The matriarch is his wife, attorney Clair Huxtable.[7]

They have four daughters and one son: Sondra, Denise, Theo, Vanessa, and Rudy. Despite its comedic tone, the show sometimes involves serious subjects, like Theo's experiences dealing with dyslexia,[8] inspired by Cosby's dyslexic son, Ennis.[9] The show also deals with teen pregnancy when Denise's friend, Veronica (Lela Rochon), becomes pregnant.[10]

Pilot
Main article: Pilot (The Cosby Show)

The Cosby Show pilot episode uses the same title sequence as the rest of the first season, and is widely regarded as the first episode. However, it is notable for a number of differences from the remainder of the series.

In the pilot, the Huxtables have only four children.[12] Following the pilot, the Huxtables have five children, with the addition of their eldest daughter, Sondra (Sabrina Le Beauf), who is mentioned in episode four and appears first in episode 11. The character was created when Bill Cosby wanted the show to express the accomplishment of successfully raising a child (i.e., a college graduate).[13]

Bill Cosby originally wanted Vanessa L. Williams to play the part of "Sondra" due to her college education and background in theater arts. However, Williams was recently crowned the first black Miss America and pageant officials would not permit her to play the role while she was representing the Miss America pageant. Whitney Houston was also considered for the role of Sondra Huxtable, but was unable to commit to the full-time television production schedule in the NBC contract, as she was intending to be a full-time music recording artist.[14][15]

Most of the story in the pilot presentation is taken from Bill Cosby's classic comedy film Bill Cosby: Himself. Cosby's character is called "Clifford" in the early episodes of the first season (as evidenced by his name plate on the exterior of the Huxtable home). His name was later switched to "Heathcliff". Although, in one episode, Clair calls him "Heathclifford".

Additionally, Vanessa refers to Theo as "Teddy" twice in the dining room scene. The interior of the Huxtables' home features an entirely different living room from subsequent episodes, and different color schemes in the dining room and the master bedroom. Throughout the remainder of the series, the dining room is reserved for more formal occasions.

Conception and development
In the early 1980s, Marcy Carsey and Tom Werner, two former executives at ABC, left the network to start their own production company.[16] At ABC, they had overseen sitcoms such as Mork & Mindy, Three's Company, and Welcome Back, Kotter. The two decided that to get a sitcom to sell for their fledgling company, they needed a big name behind it. Bill Cosby, who starred in two failed sitcoms during the 1970s, produced award-winning stand-up comedy albums, and had roles in several different films, was relatively quiet during the early 1980s. According to a Chicago Tribune article from July, 1985, despite Carsey and Werner's connection to the network, Lewis Erlicht, president of ABC Entertainment, passed on the show, prompting a pitch to rival network, NBC.

Outside of his work on his cartoon series Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids, Cosby was doing little in film or television, but Carsey and Werner were fans of Cosby's stand-up comedy and thought it would be the perfect material for a family sitcom.[17]

Cosby originally proposed that the couple should both have blue-collar jobs, with the father a limousine driver,[18] who owned his own car, and the mother an electrician.[19] With advice from his wife Camille Cosby, though, the concept was changed so that the family was well-off financially, with the mother a lawyer and the father a physician.[20][21]

Cosby wanted the program to be educational, reflecting his own background in education. He also insisted that the program be taped in New York City instead of Los Angeles, where most television programs were taped.[22] The Huxtable home exterior was filmed at 10 St. Luke's Place near 7th Avenue in Manhattan's Greenwich Village (although in the show, the residence was the fictional "10 Stigwood Avenue").[23]

Production notes
The earliest episodes of the series were videotaped at NBC's Brooklyn studios (now owned by JC Studios).[24] The network later sold that building, and production moved to the Kaufman Astoria Studios in Queens.[25] Even though the show was set to take place in Brooklyn, the exterior façade was actually of a brownstone townhouse located in Manhattan's Greenwich Village at 10 Leroy Street/ 10 St. Luke's Place.[26] The pilot was filmed in May 1984, with season one's production commencing in July 1984, and the first taping on August 1, 1984 (Goodbye Mr. Goldfish).[27][28]

During its original run on NBC, it was one of five successful sitcoms on the network that featured predominantly African-American casts. The other sitcoms were 227 (1985–90), Amen (1986–91), Cosby Show spin-off A Different World(1987–93), and The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air (1990–96). Five other NBC sitcoms of that time also featured black actors and actresses in lead starring or supporting roles — Nell Carter and Telma Hopkins on Gimme a Break (1981−87); Leonard Lightfoot, and later Franklyn Seales and Alfonso Ribeiro on Silver Spoons (1982−86), Cherie Johnson on Punky Brewster (1984–88), Kim Fields on The Facts of Life (1979−88), and Gary Coleman and Todd Bridges on Diff'rent Strokes (1978–85).

Although the cast and characters were predominantly African American,[29] the program was unusual in that issues of race were rarely mentioned when compared to other situation comedies of the time, such as The Jeffersons.[30]However, The Cosby Show had African-American themes, such as the Civil Rights Movement, and it frequently promoted African-American and African culture represented by artists and musicians such as Jacob Lawrence, Miles Davis, James Brown, B.B. King, Stevie Wonder, Sammy Davis, Jr., Lena Horne, Duke Ellington, Dizzy Gillespie, and Miriam Makeba.[31]

The show's spin off, A Different World, dealt with issues of race more often.[32]The series finale (taped on March 6, 1992)[33] aired during the 1992 Los Angeles riots, with Cosby quoted in media at the time pleading for peace.[34][35]

During the third season of the show, actress Phylicia Rashad was pregnant with her daughter Condola Rashād. Rather than write this pregnancy into the character of Claire Huxtable, the producers simply greatly reduced Rashad's scenes or filmed in such a way that her pregnancy was not noticeable.[36]

Another pregnancy of one of the main stars, that of Lisa Bonet, almost caused the actress to be fired, especially coming in the wake of appearing in the film Angel Heart, which contained graphic sexual scenes with actor Mickey Rourke. Bill Cosby strongly disapproved of Bonet appearing in the film, but she was allowed to retain her role on A Different World until returning to The Cosby Showafter her pregnancy. Tensions remained, however, and Bonet was eventually fired from the show in April 1991.[37]

Theme song and opening sequence
The show's theme music, "Kiss Me", was composed by Stu Gardner and Bill Cosby.[38] Seven versions of this theme were used during the run of the series, making it one of the few television series to use multiple versions of the same theme song over the course of a series. For season four, the theme song music was performed by musician Bobby McFerrin.[39]

Due to legal complications regarding the background mural, the opening for season seven (filmed in August 1990) was replaced with the one from the previous season.[40][41][42] The original season-seven opening, with slight modifications, returned to use in the beginning of season eight.

Cast and characters

 * Phylicia Rashad was credited as "Phylicia Ayers-Allen" during season one and the first fourteen episodes of season two.

+Prior to joining the cast as a regular, Joseph C. Phillips appears as Daryl, a potential boyfriend for Sondra in season two (episode: "Cliff in Love").

Cliff Huxtable
Main article: Cliff Huxtable Dr. Heathcliff "Cliff" Huxtable[1] is known for his comical antics, playful admonishments, and relentless teasing humor. He lives in Brooklyn Heights, New York. Cliff had a brother, James Theodore Huxtable, who died of rheumatic fever at the age of 7. In his high school and college years, he was an athlete who wrestled, played football, and ran track. He later served in the Navy before going to medical school. He is an OB/GYN who runs a practice from the office annexed to his home. In the show, most characters outside of family and friends refer to him as "Dr. Huxtable", and he is well-respected in the community.[2][3][4][5][6]

Cliff is married to Clair Huxtable. Both Cliff and Clair attended the fictional Hillman College. Together, they have five children: Sondra, Denise, Theodore (Theo), Vanessa, and Rudith (Rudy). Cliff enjoys live jazz, has an extensive collection of albums, and tries to eat junk food whenever he can get away with it.[7]

Cliff is very eccentric and silly to most people around him, especially his family, however he is very kind-hearted and an extremely dedicated father with a strong sense of humor. Although he and his wife fostered a tight-knit, loving family, a running gag throughout the series is his thwarted attempts to get the grown children to leave the house.[8]

Very playful, Cliff enjoys competition, often making bets with Clair over various things, such as the date a certain jazz song was released, or having a "Smooth Contest" to see which of them looked more elegant for a night on the town, as judged by the children. He also plays a monthly game of pinochle against his father and some friends, which sometimes gets very passionate. Unfortunately, Cliff often finds himself on the losing end of most of his bets and games, as, for example, he has never beaten his father-in-law at chess. However, Cliff eventually broke his losing streak at pinochle against his father and his friend Homer Dobson with the help of Dr. Foster (played by Roscoe Lee Browne), an expert pinochle player who also happened to be his and Clair's literary professor at Hillman College.

In the pilot episode, Cosby's character's full name is Clifford, as shown on a sign on the exterior of the house. His full name was subsequently changed to Heathcliff, even though in one episode Clair called him "Heathclifford", and he is commonly called "Cliff" throughout the series.

Originally, Cliff was to have worked as a chauffeur, with most of the humor coming from his interactions with customers. However, the show was changed before airing to have Cliff be a medical doctor, and the humor to come from his interactions with his family.

Cliff also appears in three episodes of A Different World: the pilot (with Rudy), "Rudy and the Snow Queen" (also with Rudy) and "If Chosen, I May Not Run".

He is the only character to appear in every episode.

Clair Huxtable
Main article: Clair Huxtable Clair Olivia Huxtable (née Hanks) is the elegantly tough, eloquent, and engaging wife of Cliff, who is known for her relaxed confidence and striking emphasis as shown.[4][1] Aside from her deep and decorated self-expression, Clair can also be playful and silly. She is an intelligent, classy, and successful businesswoman. A great debater, Clair rarely if ever loses an argument on the show, a testament to her career as lawyer. She is also highly skilled in areas of recall about facts and dates, which she uses during discussions and debates: in one episode she is shown quoting a passage and even the page number of a book during an appearance at a television roundtable. Clair is bilingual but is only shown speaking Spanish on a couple of occasions. Several episodes also showcased her singing talent. Despite her elegant brand of toughness and strictness, Clair is a very loving mother and wife. The character is loosely based upon Cosby's wife, Camille Olivia Hanks-Cosby.

Her age is directly stated only once during the series, and two separate episodes provide contradictory information on the age difference between herself and Cliff. He celebrates his 50th birthday during season three ("Cliff's 50th Birthday"), while she celebrates her 46th during season five ("Birthday Blues," two years later), indicating that she is six years younger. However, in the season four episode "The Locker Room," it is stated that Clair is four years younger.

Her character was originally supposed to be a housewife, but when the show finally aired, she became a lawyer. During the series, she becomes a partner in her law firm. As an attorney she helps her family with legal issues, and she successfully represents her eldest daughter, Sondra, in a case over dishonest car repairs. When it came to the Huxtable household, she was in charge, even though she let Cliff think he was in charge (although Cliff was known to lay down the law when he had to). She was the chief disciplinarian of the children, as shown in an episode where Vanessa and her friends sneak off to Baltimoreto see a rock concert and Clair delivers a memorable and scathing diatribe to her. Another memorable moment came when the normally composed Clair lost her temper when Sondra announced she wasn't going to law school after paying her tuition to attend Princeton.

Clair also appears in four episodes of A Different World: "Clair's Last Stand", "Risky Business" (with Theo and Vanessa), "Forever Hold Your Peace" (with Martin and Olivia) and "Success, Lies and Videotapes".

Clair Huxtable has been ranked highly in several lists of the top television mothers. She was voted as television's "Favorite TV Mom" in a poll conducted by the Opinion Research Company in 2004.[9] In 2009, she was included in the Top 5 Classic TV Moms by Film.com.[10] In May 2012, Clair was one of the 12 moms chosen by users of iVillage on their list of "Mommy Dearest: The TV Moms You Love".[11] AOL named her the ninth Most Memorable Female TV Character.[12]

Sondra Huxtable Tibideaux
Main article: Sondra Huxtable–Tibideaux Sondra Tibideaux (née Huxtable), the eldest daughter of Cliff and Clair, did not appear on screen until mid-way through season one. She did not exist in the pilot episode (Clair: "Why do we have four children?" Cliff: "Because we did not want five.") In her first appearance, she is a sophomore in college, and Cliff notes her to be 20 years old (episode 10), making her birth year 1964. She earned a degree from Princeton University and had intentions of pursuing a career as a lawyer, like her mother. She married her boyfriend, Elvin Tibideaux, in season four, and later gave birth to twins—a boy and a girl—named after Nelsonand Winnie Mandela. More serious, earnest and responsible than the other children, Sondra fits many of the characteristics of the first born from a large family. Though she had her moments of bizarre thinking (e.g. dropping out of law school to open up a wilderness store with Elvin), she'd usually snap out of them relatively quickly. Because of her intelligence level and overachieving nature, she is looked upon by her parents proudly, but also is held to a higher standard than the rest of the children. Sondra appeared sporadically in early seasons of the series due to the character being off at college at the time.

Sondra was created when Bill Cosby wanted the show to express the accomplishment of successfully raising a child (e.g. a college graduate). Whitney Houston was considered for the role of Sondra Huxtable. Sabrina LeBeauf almost missed out on the role because she is only 10 years younger (b. 1958) than Phylicia Rashad (b. 1948).

The character is loosely based upon Cosby's eldest daughter, Erika, who was approximately the same age as Sondra.

Denise Huxtable Kendall
Main article: Denise Huxtable–Kendall Denise Kendall (née Huxtable) is the second daughter of Cliff and Clair Huxtable.[13] At the beginning of the series, she is sixteen years old, putting her year of birth in 1968. She loves fashion and music, but did not want to attend school to pursue either interest. She is noted as being an individual who usually wishes to march to the beat of her own drum, and often learns lessons up front for herself rather than based off the experiences of others. A two-year stint at Hillman College ends with Denise wishing to see what she can accomplish on her own, which leads her to Africa as a photographer's assistant. While there, she meets and marries Navy Lt. Martin Kendall, and also becomes stepmother to Martin's three-year-old daughter Olivia, his child from a previous marriage. Denise eventually decides to become a special education teacher and makes arrangements to attend Medgar Evers College to this effect, but that idea does not work out as Denise eventually leaves New York again when Martin is posted to Singapore on a long-term assignment. It is revealed in the series finale that she is pregnant.

During the first two seasons, Denise was portrayed as a very popular high-schooler, with many friends, who seemingly had a different boyfriend every episode. Along with her constantly fluctuating love life, were her various hairstyles and choices of clothing, which were occasionally made fun of by Cliff. In later seasons, however, she exhibited a more flighty nature, often expressing ideas that left Cliff and Clair greatly puzzled.

In season three, Denise left home to attend Hillman College, a fictional, historically African-American college, of which her mother, father and grandfather were all alumni. The Cosby Show 's producers created a spin-off series, entitled A Different World, which initially dealt with the life of Denise at college. Denise was written out of the series following its inaugural season (which aired concurrently with season four of The Cosby Show), after actress Lisa Bonet became pregnant. Shortly after the start of season five, Denise traveled to Africa for a year, and there she fell in love with and married Martin. In the season six premiere, she returned home, shocking her parents with the news of her surprise marriage to a divorced single father. However, Cliff and Clair accepted the couple when they met Olivia, who immediately won their hearts and was welcomed into the family. She appears regularly during the first three seasons, and is in only four episodes each of seasons four and five (a picture of her can be seen in the opening credits of season four), she appears regularly in season six, but only appears in a handful of episodes during season seven.

The character is loosely based upon Cosby's daughter, Erinn, who was approximately the same age as Denise. Additionally, Denise attended Hillman College, whereas Erinn attended Spelman College, the university that Hillman is believed to be modeled after.

Theo Huxtable
Main article: Theodore Huxtable Theodore Aloysius "Theo" Huxtable is the middle child and only son of Cliff and Clair Huxtable, and is athletic and obsessed with impressing girls, and obtaining a sports car or motorcycle. He is fourteen years old when the series begins, making his birth year 1970. In the pilot episode, he is lectured by his father for not applying himself at school ("I brought you in this world, and I'll take you out"). Also in the early seasons, he was somewhat of a troublemaker, as illustrated through incidents both alluded to and explicitly portrayed in the series, such as letting his best friend's younger sister pierce his ear, resulting in an infected earlobe, but his behavior had improved by the time he left high school.

A running theme of the early seasons revolved around Theo's academic struggles, especially in his sophomore-year geometry class, taught by Mrs. Westlake (Sonia Braga). As the seasons progressed, Theo gradually evolved from being an under-achiever to a successful high school—and college—student (in interviews, Cosby noted a similar change in his real-life son, Ennis). While Theo was a student at NYU, it was revealed that he suffered from dyslexia, a learning disability that inspired him to work harder, and as a result overcame it. By the final season, Theo was a student teacher, helping other children with dyslexia at a local education center. In the show's final episode, he graduated from NYU with a degree in psychology.

In the pilot, and once more in season one (the episode "Bad Dreams"), he is referred to by Vanessa as "Teddy", instead of "Theo."

Theo has a long-running, but on-and-off relationship with a girl named Justine, who is mentioned many times throughout the series, but appears in only nine episodes. During his high school years, Theo's best friend was Walter Bradley (Carl Anthony Payne II), better known as "Cockroach", who was more of a scholastic underachiever than Theo, although when an argument Theo and his parents culminated into a mock trial, Cockroach was the one who presented convincing facts which closed the "case". The two of them would occasionally compose rap songs for various school assignments. When Theo got tickets to "Dance Mania" (a "Soul Train"-like television dance show), and only one of them was allowed into the studio, Theo let Cockroach have the spot, but did not feel good about it when he saw Cockroach on TV, and as the center of their friends' attention the next day at school. This episode marked the final appearance of the character, and Cockroach was rarely mentioned in subsequent episodes. Theo appears in the series the most out of the Huxtable children.

The character is loosely based upon Cosby's only son Ennis, who was approximately the same age as Theo (and was also dyslexic).

Theo also appears in two episodes of A Different World: "My Dinner With Theo" (with Rudy) and "Risky Business" (with Clair and Vanessa).

Vanessa Huxtable
Vanessa Huxtable is the fourth child and third daughter of Cliff and Clair. In season one, she is eleven years old, making her birth year 1973. As Vanessa grew up, she faced typical teenage problems and heartbreaks, such as wearing make-up before her 15th birthday in violation of her parents' rules and spending a lot of time talking on the phone with her friends. Unlike her older brother, she was an excellent student and seemed to enjoy school; at the beginning of season seven, she went off to college one year early. She became engaged in the final season to Dabnis Brickey, a man in his late twenties. Dabnis was the head of maintenance at Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, where Vanessa was enrolled. However, Vanessa realized that she was not ready to get married, and they broke off the engagement. They maintained they were "just friends" by the end of the season.

In the early seasons, Vanessa is usually considered to be nosy, as she usually—sneakily—tries to find out what goes on in the Huxtable house, especially when it involves someone (usually Theo) in trouble with their parents. But, in a later episode, the tables are turned, as Theo catches Vanessa's friends smoking cigarettes in her room, although Vanessa herself did not take part, and even tried to dissuade her friends from doing so.

She often fought with her younger sister, Rudy, over typical childish issues. At one point, their fighting caused damage to both their bedrooms and the kitchen ceiling, driving Cliff to declare their rooms off limits because of "World War Five" and exile them to the basement until repairs were finished. But, on one occasion, Vanessa got into a physical tussle with Denise over a sweater that Vanessa stole from Denise's closet after Denise did not allow her to borrow it.

One of Vanessa's best friends in high school was a girl named Kara (played by Elizabeth Narvaez), who could ramble on about nothing in particular at high speed. Whenever Cliff—who once referred to Kara as "Turbo Tongue"—was on the receiving end of her babbling, he would always reply with a bewildered "Thank you." Vanessa appeared sporadically in the final two seasons of the series due to the character being away at college.

The character is loosely based upon Cosby's daughter, Ensa, who was approximately the same age as Vanessa.

Vanessa also appears in the A Different World episode "Risky Business" (with Clair and Theo).

Rudy Huxtable
Rudith Lillian "Rudy" Huxtable is the youngest of the Huxtable children.[15] She is only five years old at the beginning of the series, making her birth year 1979. She comes of age during the course of the show.[16]

A number of Rudy's friends appear in episodes as the series progresses. Among the best known are the taciturn Peter Chiara who repeatedly ran out the Huxtables' front door when frightened; and the chauvinist, blues-loving Kenny, whom she nicknames "Bud", and who always gets advice from his (unseen) older brother about basically everything. This unfortunately gives him the wrong conception about certain things and gets him in trouble, although he seemed to grow out of it as the series reached its end.

Keshia Knight Pulliam was nominated for an Emmy for her performance in season two, becoming the youngest nominee ever.[17] One of her fellow nominees that year was Phylicia Rashad. Neither won.

The Huxtable family was originally going to be two boys and two girls. The youngest child, Rudy, was initially supposed to be a boy, but the character was re-written for a girl (Keshia Knight Pulliam) when no boys auditioned. Jaleel White, later known for his role as Steve Urkel on Family Matters, revealed in a 2011 interview with Vanity Fair that he had auditioned for the role of Rudy.[18]

The character is loosely based upon Cosby's youngest daughter, Evin, who was approximately the same age as Rudy.[19]

Rudy also appears in three episodes of A Different World: the pilot (with Cliff), "Rudy and the Snow Queen" (also with Cliff) and "My Dinner with Theo" (with Theo).

Elvin Tibideaux
Elvin Tibideaux is Sondra's boyfriend, and later, husband. They met at Princeton, where they both earned degrees. The two constantly bickered during early episodes, until his interactions with the Huxtables, particularly Clair, challenged him to confront his "male-chauvinist" attitudes.

When they return from their honeymoon, they shock Cliff and Clair by announcing their intentions to forego medical school and law school, and start a wilderness supply store in Brooklyn. When his children are born, Elvin then announces that he will re-apply to medical school. This decision later convinces Sondra to resume her studies at law school.

Elvin was a wrestler in high school and for one year at Princeton, but had to quit after injuring his hip. During season three, he helped Theo with some strategy and moves.

Martin Kendall
Lt. Martin Kendall is a Navy officer, husband of Denise Huxtable, and father of Olivia. Phillips' role as Martin Kendall came about when Denise unexpectedly married him in Africa, unbeknownst to her parents and family. When the newlyweds arrive back home, Martin learns that Denise's family not only does not know about their marriage, they do not know about him at all, so he wants to introduce himself to the Huxtables now that he has married into their family and to show his intentions of marrying his daughter were honorable. This does not go over smoothly at first, as Clair and Cliff are uneasy with the whirlwind marriage of Martin, however in due time they become accustomed to this blended family. Kendall also had an ex-wife, named Paula (played by Victoria Rowell of The Young and the Restless). In the finale, it is revealed that he and Denise are expecting a baby together.

Joseph C. Phillips played Sondra's date in a season two episode, before coming back as a new character, and playing the husband of Denise. Martin appears frequently in the sixth season but is only seen in a handful episodes of the seventh season, Joseph C. Phillips's final season as a regular. Martin makes his final appearance in an episode of season eight, "Olivia Comes Out of the Closet."

Martin also appears in the Different World episode "Forever Hold Your Peace" (with Clair and Olivia).

Olivia Kendall
Olivia Kendall is Denise Huxtable's precocious stepdaughter, who is three years old when she first appears in the series. Olivia is the only child of Martin and Paula Kendall. After a few years of marriage, her parents divorced, and her mother, Paula, gave Martin full custody, as she felt overwhelmed by marriage and motherhood. Olivia was then raised by her grandparents and father.

When Olivia was almost four years old, her father Martin married Denise Huxtable, whom he met in Africa. The new family moved in with Denise's parents, Clair and Cliff Huxtable, who are now Olivia's step-grandparents. Martin, as a Naval officer, is required to travel a lot, so for a while, Olivia was unable to spend time with him. During his absences, her stepmother, Denise, raised her. Olivia continued to live with her step-grandparents while her parents were in Singapore during the final season.

The character was named after Bill Cosby's wife, Camille Olivia Hanks-Cosby.

Olivia also appears in the Different World episode "Forever Hold Your Peace" (with Clair and Martin).

Pam Tucker
Pam Tucker is Clair Huxtable's distant cousin.[21] The daughter of a single mother, Pam comes to live with the Huxtables after her mother moved to California to take care of Pam's grandmother.[22] Upon moving in, Pam is a high school junior—younger than Vanessa, but older than Rudy. At first, she is not used to the Huxtables' upper-middle-class lifestyle or close-knit family relationships.[23] Eventually, she fits in, and becomes just another one of the Huxtable clan. Pam makes her first appearance in the fourth episode, "A Period of Adjustment," in season seven.

Frequently, Pam is shown interacting with her best friend, Charmaine Brown (Karen Malina White), and Charmaine's boyfriend, Lance Rodman (Allen Payne).

The character had a mixed reception.[24][25]

Recurring characters

 * Russell Huxtable (Earle Hyman) Cliff's father (40 episodes)
 * Kenny, aka "Bud" (Deon Richmond) Rudy's longtime friend (32 episodes)
 * Anna Huxtable (Clarice Taylor) Cliff's mother (19 episodes)
 * Charmaine Brown (Karen Malina White) Pam's best friend (13 episodes) (later became a regular on the final season of A Different World)
 * Winnie Tibideaux (Domonique & Monique Reynolds, Jalese & Jenelle Grays, Jessica Ann Vaughn) daughter of Sondra and Elvin (18 episodes)
 * Peter Chiara (Peter Costa) Rudy's friend (13 episodes)
 * Walter Bradley, aka "Cockroach" (Carl Anthony Payne II) Theo's best friend in high school (12 episodes)
 * Nelson Tibideaux (Christopher & Clayton Griggs, Darrian & Donovan Bryant, Gary LeRoi Gray) son of Sondra and Elvin (7 episodes)
 * Denny (Troy Winbush) Theo's high school, college friend (11 episodes)
 * Lance Rodman (Allen Payne) Charmaine's boyfriend (11 episodes)
 * Janet Meiser (Pam Potillo) Vanessa's friend (10 episodes)
 * Howard (Reno Wilson Theo's college friend (10 episodes)
 * Justine Phillips (Michelle Thomas) Theo's longtime girlfriend (8 episodes)
 * Kara (Elizabeth Narvaez) Vanessa's friend (8 episodes)
 * Stanley (Merlin Santana) Rudy's boyfriend (7 episodes)
 * Kim Ogawa (Naoka Nakagawa) Rudy's friend (7 episodes)
 * Carrie Hanks (Ethel Ayler) Clair's mother (6 episodes)
 * Robert Foreman (Dondre T. Whitfield) Vanessa's boyfriend (6 episodes)
 * Lou Hernandez (Alex Ruiz) Theo's college friend (6 episodes)
 * Dabnis Brickey (William Thomas Jr.) Vanessa's fiance (6 episodes)
 * Jeffry Engels (Wallace Shawn) the Huxtables' neighbor (5 episodes)
 * Smitty (Adam Sandler) Theo's high school friend (4 episodes)
 * Arthur Bartell a.k.a. "Slide" (Mushond Lee) Pam's ex-boyfriend (4 episodes)
 * Al Hanks (Joe Williams) Clair's father (4 episodes)
 * Aaron Dexter (Seth Gilliam) Pam's boyfriend (3 episodes)
 * Mrs. McGee (Elaine Stritch) Rudy's teacher (3 episodes)
 * Jade (Vanessa A. Williams) Theo's friend (2 episodes, season 5)
 * Cheryl (Vanessa A. Williams) Theo's friend (2 episodes, season 7)

Notable guest stars

 * Debbie Allen as Emma ("If the Dress Fits, Wear It", season 5)
 * John Amos as Dr. Herbert ("The Physical", season 5)
 * Tichina Arnold as Delores ("Theo's Women", season 5)
 * Angela Bassett as Mrs. Mitchell ("Mr. Quiet", season 1), and Paula ("Bookworm", season 4)
 * Norman Beaton as Carleton ("There's Still No Joy in Mudville" season 7)
 * U.S. Senator Bill Bradley as Cliff's teammate #1 ("The Boys of Winter", season 5)
 * Sônia Braga as Anna Maria Westlake ("Mrs. Westlake" and "An Early Spring", season 2)
 * Valerie Brisco-Hooks as herself ("Off to the Races", season 2)
 * Roscoe Lee Browne as Dr. Foster ("Shakespeare", season 4)
 * Red Buttons as Jake, owner of Jake's Appliances ("Cliff and Jake", season 7)
 * Naomi Campbell as Julia ("The Birth" and "Cyranoise de Bergington", season 5)
 * Betty Carter as Amanda Woods ("How Do You Get to Carnegie Hall", season 5)
 * Robert Culp as Scott Kelly ("Bald and Beautiful", season 3)
 * Sammy Davis, Jr. as Ray Palomino ("No Way, Baby", season 5)
 * Dave DeBusschere as Cliff's teammate #2 ("The Boys of Winter", season 5)
 * Plácido Domingo as Alberto Santiago ("Birthday Blues", season 5)
 * Teresa Edwards as Opponent #2 ("The Boys of Winter", season 5)
 * Yvonne Irvin as Clair's Sister ("Clair's Sister", season 2)
 * Al Freeman, Jr. as Ernie Scott ("Back to the Track, Jack", season 1)
 * Minnie Gentry as Gramtee ("The Storyteller", season 6)
 * Dizzy Gillespie as Mr. Hampton ("Play It Again Vanessa", season 1)
 * Erica Gimpel as Jennifer ("Waterworks", season 4)
 * Robin Givens as Susanne ("Theo and the Older Woman", season 2)
 * Pam Grier as Samantha ("Planning Parenthood", season 3)
 * Moses Gunn as Joe Kendall ("Grampy and NuNu Visit the Huxtables", season 6)
 * Walt Hazzard as Cliff's teammate #3 ("The Boys of Winter", season 5)
 * Lena Horne as herself ("Cliff's Birthday", season 1)
 * Iman as Mrs. Montgomery ("Theo and the Joint", season 1)
 * Danny Kaye as Dr. Burns ("The Dentist", season 2), in one of his last TV appearances
 * Alicia Keys as Maria ("Slumber Party", season 1)
 * B.B. King as Riley Jackson ("Not Everybody Loves the Blues", season 6)
 * LaChanze as Sylvia ("The Prom", season 4)
 * Audrey Landers as Cookie Bennett ("Cliff and Jake", season 7)
 * Sheldon Leonard as Dr. Wexler ("Physician of the Year," season 1)
 * Nancy Lieberman as Opponent #1 ("The Boys of Winter", season 5)
 * Miriam Makeba as herself ("Olivia Comes Out of the Closet", season 8)
 * S. Epatha Merkerson as Book Club Member 5 ("Bookworm", season 4)
 * Melba Moore as Patricia Abbott ("Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star", season 4)
 * Rita Moreno as Mrs. Granger ("You Only Hurt the One You Love", season 3)
 * Lou Myers as Mr. Davis ("You Only Hurt the One You Love", & "Andalusian Flu", season 3)
 * Tony Orlando as Tony Castillo ("Mr. Quiet", season 1)
 * Tito Puente as timbal player ("Play It Again, Russell", season 2)
 * Christopher Plummer as Professor Jonathan Lawrence ("Shakespeare", season 4)
 * Patricia Richardson as Mrs. Schrader ("Calling Doctor Huxtable", season 3)
 * John Ritter as Ray Evans ("Total Control", season 7)
 * Frank Robinson as Frank Potter ("There's Still No Joy in Mudville", season 7)
 * Victoria Rowell as Paula Kendall ("Cliff's Wet Adventure", season 6)
 * Howard "Sandman" Sims as himself ("Mr. Sandman", season 6)
 * Special Ed as J.T. Freeze ("Warning: A Double-Lit Candle Can Cause a Meltdown", season 8)
 * Bern Nadette Stanis as Carolyn Thompson ("Adventures in Babysitting", season 7)
 * Leslie Uggams as Kris Temple ("The Return of the Clairettes", season 7)
 * Blair Underwood as Denise's boyfriend (uncredited) ("Jitterbug Break", season 1), and Mark ("Theo and the Older Woman", season 2)
 * Mario Van Peebles as Garvin ("Clair's Sister", season 2)
 * Jim Valvano as John Velarde ("The Getaway", season 8)
 * Dick Vitale as Dan Vicente ("The Getaway", season 8)
 * Malinda Williams as Althea Logan ("Calling Doctor Huxtable", season 3) and Shana ("Denise Kendall: Singles Counselor", season 6)
 * Nancy Wilson as Lorraine Kendall ("Grampy and NuNu Visit the Huxtables", season 6)
 * Stevie Wonder as himself ("A Touch of Wonder", season 2)
 * Amy Yasbeck as Alicia Evans ("Total Control", season 7)

Reception and legacy
The show's portrayal of a successful, stable black family was praised by some for breaking racial stereotypes and showing another part of the African-American experience.[43][44] However, it was criticized by others, including Henry Louis Gates, for allowing white audiences to think that racism and poverty were problems of the past.[45] As a result of the sexual assault allegations against Cosby, Malcolm-Jamal Warner has stated that the show's legacy is "tarnished".[46]

The Cosby Show had generated $2.5 billion in television revenue, including $1 billion from TV advertising,[47] and $1.5 billion from syndication.[48]

Broadcast history and ratings
The Cosby Show aired on Thursdays at 8:00 pm for all eight seasons.[49] In its first season, the show was the beginning of a Thursday NBC schedule that was followed by Family Ties, Cheers, Night Court, and Hill Street Blues.[50]

The Cosby Show is one of three television programs (All in the Family and American Idol being the others) that were number one in the Nielsen ratings for five consecutive seasons.[51][52][53]

Syndication
Carsey-Werner handles domestic distribution, while CBS Television Distributionhandles international distribution of the series, and has done so since 1997. In the United States, The Cosby Show began its television syndication run in September 1988 in broadcast syndication, shortly before the show's fifth-season premiere, and was at the time distributed by Viacom; many stations that carried the series were Big Three network affiliates. As time went on, this moved to lower-profile timeslots, independent stations and minor network affiliates.

Fort Worth, Texas-based independent station, KTVT, carried the series until 1995, when it ceased operating as a regional cable superstation and became an affiliate of CBS. TBS, then a national cable superstation, carried the series for nearly a decade beginning in 1999. Fellow superstation WGN America began carrying the series shortly thereafter, and continued to until September 2010. Viacom's Nick at Nite began airing reruns of the series in March 2002, and its sister network TV Land began airing reruns in 2004, making The Cosby Showone of the few series that were shown on both Nick at Nite and TV Land at the same time.

Late 2010s removal from syndication
Reruns of The Cosby Show have been pulled from several networks and venues as a result of Cosby's eventual conviction for sexual assault. In November 2014, TV Land pulled the series from its lineup.[62][63] In December 2014, the Magic Johnson-owned network Aspire removed the show from its lineup.[64]

BET's Centric (another Viacom unit) stopped airing reruns of The Cosby Show. At the same time, barter syndicator The Program Exchange ceased distributing the latter show.[65][66] Bounce TV resumed airing the series in December 2016[67]but pulled the show on April 26, 2018 — the day Cosby was convicted of sexual assault.[68] TV One began airing reruns of the show in May 2017. [69] It is currently the only American network to offer the series.

Spin-off
Main article: A Different World

The Cosby Show 's producers created a spin-off series called A Different Worldthat was built around the "Denise" character (portrayed by actress Lisa Bonet), the second of the Huxtables' four daughters. Initially, the new program dealt with Denise's life at Hillman College, the fictional historically black college from which her father, mother, and paternal grandfather had graduated.

Denise was written out of A Different World after its inaugural season, due to Bonet's pregnancy, and the following season was revamped, with the addition of director Debbie Allen (Phylicia Rashad's sister) and new characters.[70] Denise later became a recurring character on The Cosby Show for seasons four and five, and a regular again in seasons six and seven.

Awards won
Emmy Awards[71] Golden Globe Awards NAACP Image Awards Peabody Award (1986)
 * Outstanding Comedy Series (1985)
 * Outstanding Writing in a Comedy Series (1985) – Michael Leeson and Ed. Weinberger for the pilot episode
 * Outstanding Directing in a Comedy Series (1985) – Jay Sandrich for "The Younger Woman"
 * Outstanding Directing in a Comedy Series (1986) – Jay Sandrich for "Denise's Friend"
 * Outstanding Guest Performer in a Comedy Series (1986) – Roscoe Lee Browne for "The Card Game"
 * Outstanding Editing for a Series – Multi-Camera Production (1986) – Henry Chan for "Full House"
 * Best TV Series – Comedy (1985)
 * Best Performance by an Actor in a TV Series – Comedy – Bill Cosby (1985, 1986) 2 wins
 * Outstanding Comedy Series (1988)
 * Outstanding Actress in a Comedy Series – Phylicia Rashad (1988, 1989) 2 wins
 * Outstanding Actor in a Comedy Series – Bill Cosby (1989, 1993) 2 wins

People's Choice Awards
 * Favorite New TV Comedy Program (1985)
 * Favorite Male Performer in a New TV Program – Bill Cosby (1985)
 * Favorite Female Performer in a New TV Program – Phylicia Rashad (1985)
 * Favorite TV Comedy Program (1985–89) 5 wins
 * Favorite Male TV Performer – Bill Cosby (1986–92) 7 wins
 * Favorite All-Around Male Entertainer – Bill Cosby (1986–88, 1990–91) 5 wins
 * Favorite Young TV Performer – Keshia Knight Pulliam (1988)
 * All-Time Favorite TV Program (1989)
 * Favorite Female TV Performer – Phylicia Rashad (1989)
 * Favorite All-Around Male Star – Bill Cosby (1989)
 * Favorite TV Comedy Series (1990, 1992) 2 wins

Nominations
Emmy Awards[71] Golden Globe Awards
 * Outstanding Technical Direction/Electronic Camerawork/video control for a series – 1985
 * Outstanding Live and Tape Sound Mixing and Sound Effects for a series – (1985) 2 nominations
 * Outstanding Writing in a Comedy Series – (1985–86)
 * Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series – Phylicia Rashad (1985–86) 2 nominations
 * Outstanding Comedy Series (1986–87) 2 nominations
 * Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series – Lisa Bonet (1986)
 * Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series – Keshia Knight Pulliam (1986)
 * Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series – Malcolm-Jamal Warner(1986)
 * Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Comedy Series or a Special – (1986–87)
 * Outstanding Editing for a Series (multi camera production) – (1987)
 * Outstanding Directing in a Comedy Series – Jay Sandrich (1987)
 * Outstanding Comedy Series – (1987)
 * Outstanding Guest Performer in a Comedy Series – Eileen Heckart (1988)
 * Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series – Sammy Davis Jr. (1989)
 * Best TV Series – Comedy – (1986–1987) – Two nominations
 * Best Performance by an Actor in a TV Series – Comedy – Bill Cosby (1987)

Other honors

 * 1993: TV Guide named The Cosby Show the All-Time Best Family Show in its issue celebrating 40 years of television.[72]
 * 1997: TV Guide ranked the episode "Happy Anniversary" #54 on their list of the 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time[73]
 * 1999: Entertainment Weekly placed show's debut at #24 in its list of the "100 Greatest Moments in Television"[74]
 * 2002: TV Guide placed The Cosby Show at #28 in its list of the 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time[75]
 * 2004: TV Guide ranked Cliff Huxtable number 1 on its 50 Greatest TV Dads of All Time list[76]
 * 2004: Bravo ranked Cliff Huxtable #44 on its list of the 100 Greatest TV Characters[77]
 * 2007: Time magazine placed the show on its unranked list of "100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME"[78]
 * 2007: USA Today's web site ranked the show as #8 in its list of the "top 25 TV moments of the past quarter century"[79]
 * 2008: Entertainment Weekly selected Cliff Huxtable as the Dad for "The Perfect TV Family"[80]
 * 2013: TV Guide ranked The Cosby Show #26 on its list of the 60 Best Series.[81]

Albums
Two albums were produced that included various theme and background music from the show. The albums were presented by longtime Cosby collaborator Stu Gardner. They were:
 * A House Full of Love: Music from The Cosby Show (1986)
 * Total Happiness (Music from the Bill Cosby Show, Vol. II) (1987)

In popular culture
They were dubbed "Cosby sweaters", a term that is used to describe sweaters that are generally deemed garish and unappealing.[85][86] In May 2008, Cosby's daughter Evin auctioned a batch of the sweaters that her father had kept on eBay. The proceeds of the sales went to the Hello Friend/Ennis William Cosby Foundation, a non-profit charity named for Ennis Cosby. Ennis, Cosby's only son, was murdered in January 1997.[87]
 * During the series' run, the character of Cliff Huxtable frequently wore an array of knit sweaters that were often brightly colored and featured abstract, asymmetrical patterns or themes. The sweaters were erroneously thought to be designed by the Australian clothing company Coogi, but were actually designed by Dutchman Koos Van Den Akker.[82][83][84]
 * The character of Dr. Hibbert, who is featured on the long-running animated sitcom The Simpsons, is modelled after Dr. Cliff Huxtable. The Simpsonswriting staff decided to make Dr. Hibbert a parody of Cliff Huxtable after the Fox network moved The Simpsons to Thursday nights airing opposite the top-rated The Cosby Show.[88]


 * In the Teen Titans Go! episode "Oil Drums", Starfire says "I would like to watch The Crosby Pudding Half-Hour Show of Sweaters. Theo, get your glorp-nops off the kitchen table. Rudy!"

Home media
All eight seasons of The Cosby Show have been released on DVD in Region 1. Seasons one and two were released by UrbanWorks which was subsequently acquired by First Look Studios, who then released the remaining six seasons. Seasons One and Two contain special features, including the ninety minute retrospective documentary entitled The Cosby Show: A Look Back, which aired on NBC in May 2002.

It contains interviews with cast members, bloopers, deleted scenes and audition footage. In December 2010, First Look Studios filed bankruptcy, and all its assets were subsequently acquired by Millennium Entertainment, who also took over distribution of The Cosby Show DVD releases. As of 2013, these releases have been discontinued, and are now out of print.

On November 5, 2013, it was announced that Mill Creek Entertainment had acquired the rights to the series. They have subsequently re released all eight seasons on DVD.[89][90][91][92] On September 1, 2015, Mill Creek released a sixteen disc complete series set entitled The Cosby Show – The Complete Series.[93]

In Region 4, Magna Pacific has released all eight seasons on DVD in Australiaand New Zealand. The first two seasons have similar artwork to the North American copies, although season two is red rather than blue. Each Australian cover also features the tagline "In a house full of love, there is always room for more".

Universal Studios Home Entertainment has released Seasons 1 to 4 in Region 2 (United Kingdom). Note: The Millennium Entertainment release of season one contains the edited versions of the episodes aired in syndication. However, all subsequent DVD releases (including the complete series set) contain the original, uncut broadcast versions. In 2011, Millennium quietly released season one uncut in Region 1, which featured the special features from The Complete Series set.